冰川运动速度研究:方法、变化、问题与展望

Research of glacier flow velocity:current situation and prospects

冰川运动将积累区获得的物质输送到消融区,维持着冰川的动态平衡。近年来,随着气候变化,全球大部分冰川面临着剧烈的退缩,而冰川运动变化则较为复杂,引起了学者们的广泛关注。文章系统总结了近年来冰川运动速度的提取方法、冰川运动速度时空分布与变化及其影响因素的相关研究进展。另外,还探讨了目前冰川运动速度研究中存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。结果表明:基于测杆的方法能够获得精度较高的测量数据,但存在时间和空间上的局限性;基于遥感数据自动化提取的方法应用广泛,但影像之间的配准以及海量数据的计算是当前阶段制约冰川运动速度研究的主要问题;近年来,无人机和地基合成孔径雷达的应用为冰川运动速度研究提供了高精度的数据支撑,但二者在冰川运动研究中的应用还不够广泛。冰川运动速度的分布及其变化在空间上存在明显差异,冰川厚度的变化可能是全球大部分冰川运动速度变化的主要原因,但在单个冰川系统上,冰川运动速度变化较为复杂,其原因还需要进一步探讨。遥感数据的不断丰富,云计算平台的使用,物联网、无人机和地基合成孔径雷达等技术的不断普及,以及星、空、地协同观测的出现将会极大促进未来冰川运动速度研究的发展。此外,冰川动力学过程也将备受关注,成为未来冰川运动研究的热点问题。

Glacier flow transports the mass obtained in the accumulation area to the ablation area,and controls the length,area,mass balance and thickness of a glacier,which is the key factor to control the advance and retreat of a glacier.In recent years,with the climate change,most of the glaciers in the world are retreating,but a glacier flow variation is more complex,which has attracted extensive attention of scholars.This paper systematically summarizes the extraction methods of glacier flow velocity,research progress on spatial distribution and change of glacier flow velocity,as well as its change with time and influencing factors in recent years,together with discussing the problems existing in the current glacier flow velocity research and the future development trend.The results show that the method based on the stakes can obtain the data with high accuracy,but it has limitations in time and space.At present,the method of automatic extracts glacier flow velocity based on remote sensing data has been widely used.However,the registration of images and the calculation of massive data are the main problems restricting the research of glacier flow velocity at the current stage.In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based synthetic aperture radar are increasingly applied to study on glaciology,providing high-precision data support for glacier flow velocity studies,but not widely enough.The spatial distribution of glacier flow velocity and its variation with time are different from space to space.The current results suggest that the change in thickness of glaciers is probably the main cause of flow velocity change in most glaciers around the world.However,the changes of glacier flow velocity are more complex on a single glacier system,and the reasons need further discussion.With the remote sensing data increasing and cloud computing platforms using,popularity of new technologies such as the Internet of things,unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based synthetic aperture radar,as well as the emergence of coordinated satellite,air and earth observations,the study of glacier flow velocity will greatly promote in the future.In addition,the mechanism of glacier flow velocity and its dynamic process should be pay more attention to,as a hot topic in the future research of glaciology.