体验北极:中、欧游客的格陵兰岛之旅

Experiencing the Arctic:European and Chinese tourists in Greenland

北极,由于其神妙迷人的自然风貌,独具魅力的动植物,以及相对未知的人文风情,在东西方文化中一直被认为是一个神话般的所在。本文以在格陵兰岛进行的实地考察为数据基础,对比了两种不同文化的游客群体:欧洲人和中国人。目的是通过对东西方游客的旅行体验进行比较,找出他们在文化体现和对北极之行不同寻常之处的解读上的异同。文中所用数据分别来自2014年针对欧洲游客的调研以及2016年针对中国游客的调研。这里展示的研究成果主要着眼于游客体验、北极文化符号的持久性及其新的表示形式。一般来说,人们对能带来深刻记忆的新兴旅游目的地越来越感兴趣;这些新目的地让游客远离日常生活的地方和日复一日平淡无奇的生活方式。同时,也基于公众对保护北极脆弱环境的意识的觉醒,越来越多的游客前往北极旅游。这种去实地感受"消失的领土"的感觉更加重了去脆弱的、受到威胁的北极旅行的迫切心情。也许由于文化差异,中国游客在旅游时更倾向于有一个预先确定的目的并更注重于他们在旅途中的个人收获。对于欧洲人而言,旅行体验的核心则是实现个人梦想,见证另一种文化,以及亲身体验北极的经历。

The Arctic,thanks to the fascinating allure of its landscapes,fauna,and rather unknown population,is considered as a mythical place in both Eastern and Western cultures.This paper,based on fieldwork done in Greenland,considers two different cultural groups of tourists:the Europeans and the Chinese.The aim is to compare the experience of Western and Eastern tourists to find out similarities and differences regarding cultural representations and interpretations of their extraordinary—physically and mentally—Arctic encounter in the context of a holiday.The data was collected in 2014 with European visitors and in 2016 with Chinese visitors.The results presented here look primarily into the tourist experiences;the persistence of icons and symbols and their new representations.Generally there is a growing interest for new destinations that can give the visitors remarkable memories of places and encounters,far away from their everyday life.There is an increasing number of tourists motivated to visit the Arctic due to public awareness about the fragile Arctic environment.The feeling of a"vanishing territory"brings the desire to travel to a vulnerable,threatened Arctic.