高海拔公路隧道土建工程设计关键技术

Key Technology of Civil Engineering Design for High Altitude Highway Tunnel

近年高海拔公路隧道数量激增,同时隧道海拔高度及长度也在不断突破,但高海拔地区公路隧道建设案例与经验较少、暂无相关专属规范或标准。介绍国内高海拔特长公路隧道建设现状,分析高海拔地区建设条件的复杂地形、恶劣环境、特殊不良地质、脆弱环境等典型特征,并结合个人在藏区高海拔公路隧道设计、咨询、科研及规范编制等工作中的实践经验,分别从隧道勘察、选址、平纵、洞口、辅助通道、内轮廓、结构型式、防寒保温、节能环保、不良地质处治、施工方案及组织等方面的土建设计关键技术要点进行了较为全面梳理总结,为类似工程设计和研究提供借鉴与参考。

In recent years,the number of high-altitude highway tunnels has increased sharply,while the height and length of the tunnel are also constantly breaking through.However,there are few cases and experience of highway tunnel construction in high-altitude areas,and there is no relevant exclusive specification or standard for the time being.This paper introduced the current situation of high-altitude and extra-long highway tunnel construction and analyzed the typical characteristics of construction conditions in high-altitude areas,such as complex terrain,harsh environment,special unfavorable geology,fragile environment,etc.combined with my practical experience in the design,consultation,scientific research and specification preparation of high altitude highway tunnels in Tibet.From the aspects of tunnel survey,site selection and horizontal and vertical,portal,auxiliary channel,internal contour,structural type,cold prevention and insulation,energy conservation and environmental protection,adverse geological treatment,construction scheme and organization,the key technical points of civil engineering design are comprehensively summarized,providing references for similar engineering design and research.