国内外隧道监控量测技术发展现状综述

Current Research on Tunnel Monitoring and Measurement Technology

隧道监测的重要性不言而喻,其中数据收集和信息处理是隧道监测的核心部分。隧道监测项目种类复杂,主要包含隧道结构应力、应变,断面收敛变形,结构位移、沉降,以及隧道建设对周边环境的影响。传统监测仪器存在监测成本高昂、不能连续监测、布置安装缺乏依据以及不能整体监测等诸多限制。本文着重归纳分析国内外最新的监测技术,主要包括布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器,分布式光纤传感器,机器人全站仪,角度传感器,雷达监测、激光测距以及海底隧道中应用的特殊设备等。此外,还总结了多种新型隧道监测仪器的优势、工作原理、布置方法、及其使用时的注意事项、相应的工程实例以供施工人员借鉴。

The importance of tunnel monitoring is self-evident,and data collection and information processing are core contents of tunnel monitoring.The types of tunnel monitoring projects are complex,mainly including structure stress,strain,section convergence,structure displacement,ground settlement,and the influence of construction on ambient environment etc.The traditional monitoring and measurement technology have many defects,such as the high cost,discontinuous monitoring,layout without reliable basis and failure to monitor overall.This paper focuses on recent domestic and overseas progress in monitoring techniques,such as Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensors,distributed fiber optic sensors,total station instrument,angular transducer,radar monitoring,laser ranging and other special equipment in submarine tunnel.In addition,the advantages,working principles,layout methods,precautions,and corresponding engineering examples are also presented for reference.