全球能源转型与中阿能源合作的立体化发展

Multi⁃Dimensional Development of China⁃Arab Energy Cooperation Under the Global Energy Transition

阿拉伯地区油气资源富集国家的经济发展高度依赖油气出口。随着气候变化成为全球关注重要议题,能源供给向“绿色”转型,这给阿拉伯国家原有经济发展模式带来了巨大挑战。面对国际能源转型压力,阿拉伯国家在继续挖掘油气资源潜力的同时,也积极通过应用CCUS技术、提升能源供给多元化水平、实施节能和能效提升行动等措施,实现“碳中和”“碳减排”目标。近年来,阿拉伯国家将深化对外开放作为经济转型的重要内容,进一步提升其与中国推进高质量对外开放的政策互通性。上述变化推动中阿能源合作逐渐从油气合作为主向油气与“低碳”合作双轮驱动,由贸易与基建合作为主向贸易、基建和投资合作共同推进的方向转变。然而,全球融资成本上升、国际油价波动以及阿拉伯国家能源补贴改革的复杂性,或将给中阿能源合作的立体化发展带来不利影响。

The Arab region is rich in oil and gas resources,and the economic development of many regional countries depends on oil and gas exports.Climate change has become an important issue of global concern,the transformation of energy supply towar“green”has brought huge challenges to the original economic development model of Arab countries.In the face of the pressure of international energy transition,Arab countries not only continue to tap the potential of oil and gas resources,but also actively implement the‘carbon neutral’and‘carbon reduction’goals by applying CCUS technology,improving the level of energy supply diversification,and implementing energy conservation and energy efficiency improvement actions.In addition,in the face of the challenges brought by the global energy transition to the original economic development model,Arab countries have taken deepening opening⁃up as an important pillar of economic transformation,thus further enhancing the interoperability with China's policy of promoting high⁃quality opening⁃up.The above⁃mentioned changes have also promoted the gradual transformation of China⁃Arab energy cooperation from mainly depended on oil and gas cooperation to driven by the two wheels of oil and gas,and‘low⁃carbon’cooperation,as well as from mainly driven by trade and infrastructure cooperation to the direction of jointly promoted by trade,infrastructure and investment cooperation.However,the rise in global financing costs,fluctuations in international oil prices and the complexity of energy subsidy reform in Arab countries may adversely affect the multi⁃dimensional development of China⁃Arab energy cooperation.