利比亚冲突背景下伊朗的利比亚政策

Iran's Libyan Policy in the Context of the Libyan Conflict

受突尼斯政局突变等影响,2011年初利比亚国内冲突爆发,北约乘机进行军事干涉,支持利比亚反政府武装推翻卡扎菲政权。此后,利比亚冲突持续至今。利比亚冲突初期,伊朗对利比亚采取了支持反政府抗议活动、反对卡扎菲政权的镇压活动的政策立场,同时反对北约的军事干涉。其原因是:伊朗将利比亚反政府抗议活动定性为“伊斯兰觉醒”,且进入21世纪以来伊朗同卡扎菲政权的关系出现新矛盾;伊朗认为北约的军事干涉是非法的,且伊朗一贯反对美国对中东国家的任何干涉。卡扎菲政权倒台后,伊朗对利比亚采取了不介入政策。在利比亚东西部对立当局形成后,伊朗对利比亚采取了总体中立但略微偏向西部势力的政策立场。伊朗采取不介入和相对中立政策的原因在于:卡扎菲倒台后,利比亚政局并没有按照伊朗所预期的方向发展;利比亚不是伊朗外交的重点国家;利比亚东西对立势力的外部支持力量势均力敌且均与伊朗关系复杂。

Under the influence of the sudden turbulence of political situation in Tunisia,civil strife occurred in Libya in early 2011,and NATO took the opportunity to carry out military intervention to support the rebel forces to overthrow the Gadhafi regime.Subsequently,the civil strife in Libya continued in a new situation,which has not yet ended.In the early days of the civil unrest in Libya,Iran's policy towards Libya was to support anti⁃government protests and oppose Gaddafi's crackdown,but also opposed NATO military intervention.The reasons include that Iran characterized the Libyan anti⁃government protests as an“Islamic awakening”,and there had been some new contradictions between Iran and the Gaddafi regime since the beginning of the 21st century;Iran considers NATO military intervention illegal and has consistently opposed any US intervention in the Middle East.After the fall of the Gadhafi regime,Iran adopted a policy of non⁃intervention in Libya.After the formation of opposing authorities in eastern and western Libya,Iran adopted a policy of overall neutrality but slightly biased towards western forces in Libya.The reason why Iran adopts the policy of non⁃intervention and relative neutrality is that after the fall of Gaddafii,Libya's political development did not follow the direction expected by Iran and that Libya is not the key country of Iran's diplomacy and that the external support of the east⁃west opposing forces in Libya is evenly matched and has a complex relationship with Iran.