城市政治与利比亚政局的演化逻辑——以米苏拉塔和津坦为中心

Urban Politics and the Evolutionary Logic of Libyan Political Dynamics:Centered on Misrata and Zintan

后卡扎菲时代的利比亚中央权威衰落,国家纵向权力结构瓦解,各类次国家行为体的角色凸显。利比亚高度城市化,相比于部落和新兴武装团体,城市更有能力承担传统上由中央政府承担的资源集中、权威价值分配的政治组织功能。利比亚西部地区米苏拉塔和津坦等以城市地缘为纽带的政治力量对后卡扎菲时代利比亚政局发展影响深远。利比亚城市政治的观念和组织基础在于市民拥有强烈的城市身份认同和共同的城市利益,城市内部组织结构较为明晰。城市政治的现实权力基础在于拥有得天独厚的地理优势和强大的城市武装力量,能够强有力地在特定“领土”范围内控制安全秩序和经济。西部城市间的竞合和权力消长是导致利比亚第二次和第三次内战爆发、国家机构分裂、过渡政府缺乏权力基础的重要因素。城市权力的扩张加剧了利比亚政治的碎片化,阻碍了后卡扎菲时代的政治进程,但城市也是国家重建所依赖的基本要素。

Libya's central authority has declined and the country's vertical power structure has collapsed resulting that the roles of sub⁃national actors have become prominent in the post⁃Gaddafi era.As libya is highly urbanized,compared to tribes and emerging armed groups,cities are more capable of taking over the political organization functions that embodies mainly in abstracting resources and distributing authoritative value,which traditionally undertaken by the central government.Political forces,such as Misrata and Zintan in western Libya,have had a profound impact on the political development of Libya in the post⁃Gaddafi era.The conceptual and organizational basis of Libyan urban politics lies in that citizens have a strong urban identity and common urban interests,and the city's internal organizational structure is relatively clear.The power basis of urban politics lies in their unique geographical advantages and powerful armed forces,which can make them powerfully control the security order and economy within a specific“territory”.Competition and the ebb and flow of power among western cities are important factors that lead to the outbreak of the second and third civil wars in Libya,the fragmentation of state institutions.The expansion of urban power has exacerbated the fragmentation of Libyan politics and hindered the political process in the post⁃Gaddafi era,but at the same time,cities are also the basic elements on which national reconstruction depends on.