结构与建构视角下阿盟安全治理绩效研究

A Study on the Security Governance Performance of the League of Arab States from the Perspective of Realism and Constructivism

阿盟成立76年来的安全治理,既有成功的样本,也有失败的案例。自从20世纪80年代初埃及被逐出阿盟,尤其是1991年海湾战争再次严重撕裂阿拉伯世界以来,阿盟的功能被边缘化,其化解冲突、抑战止暴的安全治理绩效明显下降,唱衰阿盟的西方学术话语霸权也因之兴起,阿盟无用论、阿盟过时论和阿盟崩溃论甚嚣尘上。本文在简要梳理地区主义理论的基础上,选取阿拉伯国家与地区非阿拉伯国家之间的政治冲突、阿拉伯国家之间的主权争端以及在域外强权干预下的阿拉伯国家战后重建等三类案例进行研究,从结构与建构两个视角深入分析阿盟安全治理绩效低下的原因,旨在从历史史实、个案研究和理论分析对阿盟安全治理失败论的偏颇之处进行修正,并对在西方人权高于主权、"保护的责任"诱导下的阿盟转型提出了质疑。阿盟2005年修改宪章,废除协商一致、全票通过的决策机制,改行三分之二多数通过,提高了决策效率,实际上抛弃了阿盟传统的政治协商优势。阿盟的改革与转型误入歧途,阿盟自身制度建设及阿拉伯共同利益的建构任重道远。

In the 75 years since the establishment of the League of Arab States,there have been both successful and unsuccessful cases of security governance.Since Egypt was expelled from the League of Arab States in the beginning of the 1980 s,especially after the Gulf War in 1991,the League of Arab States has been marginalized obviously.The performance of security governance of the League in resolving conflicts and suppressing war and violence has declined.With the rise of Western academic discourse hegemony,the theories of useless,obsolete and collapse of the League of Arab States have become rampant.Based on a brief reviewof regionalism theories,this article selects three types of cases to research:political conflicts between Arab countries and regional non-Arab countries,sovereignty disputes between Arab countries and post-war reconstruction of Arab countries under the intervention of global powers,and then analyzes the reasons for the low performance of security governance of the Arab League from the perspective of structuralism and constructivism.Historical facts,case studies and theoretical analysis refute the above-mentioned Western“academic”discourse hegemony.The author also questions the transformation of the Arab League under the guidance of“the responsibility to protect”that human rights are higher than sovereignty in the West.In 2005,the League of Arab States amended its charter,abolished the decision-making mechanism of consensus and unanimous vote,and adopted it by a two-thirds majority,which seemed to improve the efficiency of decision-making.In fact,it abandoned the traditional advantages of political consultation of the League of Arab States.The reform and transformation of the League of Arab States went astray,and there was a long way to go for the construction of its ow n system and common Arab interests.