以色列科研管理体系的演变及其特征

The Evolution of Israeli Scientific Management System and its Features

以色列是国际公认的科技强国。较为完备的科研管理体系是以色列科技进步的重要因素之一。自1949年科学委员会建立以来,以色列的科研管理机构几经演变,管理体系不断趋于完善。首席科学家制度的确立和《产业研发促进法》的颁布为以色列科技发展提供了有力保障,最终形成集"科学-工程-技术-创新"于一体的科技政策运行模式。整体来看,以色列的科研管理体系之所以能够保持良性运转,得益于政府角色到位、机制保障有力、责任分摊与收益机制明晰等因素。以色列科研管理体系一方面呈现出适时而变、政府主导、政策完善等特点,另一方面,它也面临比较优势弱化、政治和安全稳定性堪忧等亟待解决的问题。

Israel is an internationally recognized power of science and technology,and a relatively complete scientific research management system is one of the important factors of its scientific and technological progress.Since the establishment of the Scientific Council of Israel in 1949,Israel’s scientific research management institutions have undergone a range of evolution,and the management system has been constantly improving.The establishment of the chief scientist system and the promulgation of The Encouragement of Industrial Research and Development Lawprovided beneficial guarantee for Israel’s scientific and technological development,thus making it finally form a scientific and technological policy operation mode integrating science,engineering,technology and innovation.On the whole,the reason why Israel’s scientific research management system can keep healthy operation benefits from a series of factors including the government’s role in place,strong mechanism guarantee and clear responsibility sharing and income mechanism,.On the one hand,the Israeli scientific research management system presents the characteristics of timely change,government-led and perfect policies.On the other hand,it is also facing urgent problems such as weakening of its comparative advantage,worries about politics and security and stability,etc.