美国传教士在奥斯曼帝国的传教活动及其影响

The Missionary Activities of American Missionaries in the Ottoman Empire and Its Influences

19世纪初,奥斯曼帝国成为美国公理会差会的首要传教目的地之一。美国传教士在奥斯曼帝国的活动对美国海外传教的发展具有重要意义。作为美国对外扩张的先锋,美国传教士与奥斯曼帝国的博弈是历史上基督教与伊斯兰教互动关系的缩影,它代表着"基督教的美国"与"最后的穆斯林帝国"之间的文明碰撞。在与帝国穆斯林、犹太人以及基督徒的互动中,美国传教士始终以实现新教在奥斯曼帝国最大程度的传播为目标,其宗教关怀下掩盖着谋求自身国家利益的本质。美国传教士的活动对奥斯曼帝国具有一定影响,它在促进帝国教育和妇女事业发展的同时,还间接助长了帝国境内民族主义运动的兴起,并为帝国的解体埋下隐患。

In the early 19 th century,ABCFMwas founded under the influence of the Second Great Protestant Awakening.As one of its primary mission destinations,the Ottoman Empire was of great significance to the development of American missions abroad.As the pioneer of American colonial expansion,the interaction between American missionaries and the Ottoman Empire is a microcosm of the interaction between Christianity and Islam in history,which represents the collision of civilizations between"Christian America"and"the last Muslim Empire".In the interaction with the Muslims,Jews and Christians in the Empire,the American missionaries always aimed to achieve the maximum spread of Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire,and under the religious care,they concealed the essence of seeking their own national interests.American missionary activities had a certain influence on the Ottoman Empire,which not only promoted the development of education and women’s cause,but also indirectly contributed to the rise of the nationalist movement within the empire and laid a hidden danger for the disintegration of the empire.