惠东海龟湾水质生态学评价与微生物群落结构特征

Ecological evaluation of water quality and structural characteristics of microbial community in Huidong Turtle Bay

惠东港口海龟国家级自然保护区是中国大陆仅存的海龟繁殖栖息地,监测其水体质量及微生物群落对于保护区日常管理和维护区域生态环境具有重要意义。根据地形分布特点,设置14个采样点对该保护区水域水质进行评价,同时采用高通量测序技术对微生物群落组成(细菌、真菌、微型真核生物)进行调查。结果表明:海龟湾水质定性评价为优,营养状态为贫营养。海龟湾海域微生物种类丰富,细菌分布于14门66科96属,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(82.2%)为优势类群,其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(6.6%);真菌分布于3门16科22属,优势类群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)(98.5%);微型真核生物群落主要由节肢动物门(Arthropoda)(59.9%)和顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)(16.5%)组成。比较两对微型真核生物引物扩增效果,发现物种组成差异显著,需同时使用才能客观反应海龟湾水域微型真核生物多样性。本研究为保护研究区域海洋生态系统健康提供科学依据。

In China, the only remained sea turtle breeding habitat lies in Huidong Port Sea Turtle National Nature Reserve. Therefore, it is a meaningful work for National Nature Reserve to monitor the change of water quality and microbial communities for the daily management and maintenance of the regional ecological environment. According to the topographic characteristics, 14 sampling points were set up to evaluate the water quality of the reserve, the microbial communities(bacteria, fungi and microeukaryotes) were also investigated by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the overall water quality was excellent and in a oligotrophic state. A variety of microorganisms were found, the bacterial communities distributed into 96 genera, 66 families and 14 phyla, the dominant groups were Proteobacteria(82. 2%), followed by Bacteroidetes(6. 6%). The fungal community included 22 genera, 16 families and 3phyla, the dominant group of Ascomycota accounted for 98. 5%. The micro-eukaryotic community was mainly composed of Arthropods(59. 9%) and Apicomplexa(16. 5%). By comparing the amplification effects of two pairs of micro-eukaryotic primers, it was found that the species compositions were significantly different, and it was necessary to use them together to objectively reflect the diversity of micro-eukaryotic organisms in Turtle Bay waters. This study provides basis data for the management and protection of the marine ecosystem in this region.