全球化下澳大利亚产业结构的演变

Evolution of Australian Industry Structure in the Context of Globalization

全球化背景下,澳大利亚产业结构发生着深刻的变化。制造业在全球产业链中逐渐萎缩,仅食品加工业保持温和增长,其他如机械、化工、纺织、印刷等行业正在衰退。采矿业成为澳大利亚经济发展的引擎,虽告别了爆发式增长阶段,但仍为国民经济重要支柱行业。服务业一直是澳大利亚经济的稳定剂,特别是金融保险、科技服务、医疗保健等行业,成为推动经济增长和增加就业的主要力量,未来这些行业仍将有较大上升空间。澳大利亚经济增长的速度和质量,在一定程度上与亚太地区国家的发展,特别是中国等新兴经济体的工业化进程有关,该地区对能源、农产品、教育、旅游需求的增加,是澳大利亚经济继续稳定增长的重要支撑。

In the context of globalization,the structure of Australian industries has been undergoing profound changes.Except for the food product manufacturing,nearly all the industry subdivisions are falling,such as machinery and equipment manufacturing,chemical and rubber product manufacturing,textile and printing manufacturing.Although the booming stage of mining industry has passed,it remained the main branch of the country’s economy.The stabilizer of the economy is the service sector,especially financial and insurance services,professional,scientific and technical services and health care and social assistance,which play the leading role in driving the economy and employment.These industries are expected to have wider spaces for further development.To some extent,the pace and quality of Australia’s economic development are linked to the APEC countries,in particular to China.The industrialization of new economies in this region requires a growing demand for energy,rural products,education,tourism,which provides valuable opportunities for sustainable development of the Australian economy.