骨关节炎患者关节软骨中胶原蛋白表达变化的研究进展

Research progress on the expressions of collagen in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis patients

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是威胁人类健康的常见疾病之一,是由多因素引起的慢性关节疾病,其病变特点为关节软骨的退行性变和关节软骨反应性骨质增生,目前世界发病率在5%~10%左右[1],我国60岁以上人群中约70%,80岁以上人群中约90%有OA的影像学表现[2]。现在OA的病因还没有完全确定,性别、遗传因素、年龄、肥胖、关节外伤等因素都可以成为其发病原因[3]。近年来,有研究发现关节软骨中的I型胶原、II型胶原、X型胶原在OA的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。现就这几种重要的胶原蛋白在OA发病过程中变化的研究综述如下,以期为OA的发病机制以及对关节炎的早期诊断和治疗提供一定的理论支持。

It was found that type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,and type Ⅹ collagen in the articular cartilage were essential in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis(OA).Type Ⅰ collagen,as a marker of fibrocartilage,is produced 2 weeks after cartilage injury and works in the whole development of OA.It gradually spreads from the middle,lower parts of the cartilage and expresses highly in the middle layer at the late stage.Type Ⅱ collagen is the most important component in the articular cartilage matrix,accounting for 90%-95% of the total amount.Damage or dissolution of its reticular structure will lead to a series of changes in biomechanics,biochemistry,etc.The degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix,reduced type Ⅱ collagen mRNA expressions,and excessive apoptosis of the chondrocytes promote the progress of OA.Type X collagen may be involved in the endochondral osteogenesis,which exists in the matrix of cartilage ossification center,growth plate,and hypertrophic cartilage cells.It is associated with type Ⅱ collagen fibers through the formed reticular structure,affecting many properties and further physiological functions.Abnormal type Ⅹcollagen and increased secretion may be the results of cartilage cell hypertrophy after a series of pathological stimulis.Therefore,type Ⅹ collagen can be used as one of the markers of cartilage cell hypertrophy.