教育人类学典型案例的研究价值——以鄂伦春族为例

A Research on th Value of Typical Cases in Educational Anthropology——A Case Study of Oroqen Ethnic Group

据2020年第七次全国人口普查统计,全国有鄂伦春族9168人。这与中国14亿人口的体量相比,规模相当小。但是,鄂伦春族的教育人类学意义和作为方法的研究价值却不能忽略。2010年,鄂伦春族大学以上文化程度人口638人,占民族总人口的17.6%;2010年,全国人均受教育年限为8.81年,而鄂伦春族人均受教育年限为10.57年。截至2022年3月,鄂伦春族获得博士学位的人口为8人,占民族总人口的0.087%,几近1‰。作为狩猎民族,鄂伦春族的社会变迁与文化发展具有典型性,梳理和归纳其教育发展轨迹,进行整体性的人类学分析,探讨鄂伦春族及其所处区域的教育发展模式与特点具有重要意义。我们也更需要通过鄂伦春这个案例研究来思考更为宏观和人类社会所共同面对的一些议题。鄂伦春族民族教育的繁荣发展,不仅是中国特色民族发展道路的有益探索和成功实践,而且也为世界人口较少民族的发展提供了范式和借鉴。

According to the seventh national census in 2020,the population of the Oroqen ethnic group in China is 9,168,a tiny group in comparison with China’s total population of 1.4 billion.However,the significance of Oroqen ethnic group in educational anthropology and its research significance in methodology are not to be ignored.In 2010,among the Oroqen people,638 were college graduates,accounting for 17.6%of its total population.In 2010,the average length of schooling in China was 8.81 years,while for the Oroqen people this figure was 10.57 years.In 2022,there were 8 Oroqen members who received a Ph D,accounting for 0.087%of its total population,quite close to 1%.As a hunting ethnic group,the Oroqen people bear typical features in their social changes and cultural development.Therefore,it is of great importance to sort out and summarize the track of their educational development,conduct an overall anthropological analysis,and discuss the characteristics of educational development of the Oroqen ethnic group and their region.Furthermore,the case study of the Oroqen ethnic group is needed for the purpose of considering issues that are more macroscopic and common to the human society.The prosperous development of Oroqen ethnic group in education not only constitutes a beneficial exploration and successful practice of the characteristic national development path of China,but also provides a pattern and reference for the development of the world’s ethnic groups with small populations.