民族自治地方刑事司法的实践逻辑——基于少数民族习惯影响裁判的考察

Practice Logic of Criminal Justice in Ethnic Autonomous Areas:Study on the Influence of Minority Custom on Judgment

民族自治地方的刑事司法运行效果对维护当地社会治安秩序具有重要意义,司法实践中民族自治地方的刑事法官对于因少数民族习惯而引发的刑事案件,并非仅依据法律规则作出裁判,其会利用自由裁量权在充分考量少数民族习惯、历史传统等因素的情况下,弥合少数民族习惯与国家刑法的冲突,从而作出使民族自治地方的群众能够接受的判决。在刑事诉讼进程中,刑事法官与侦查机关、检察机关、辩护律师对少数民族习惯的理解也是顺利办理案件的积极条件。通过研究,提出相关司法部门应发布涉及少数民族习惯犯罪的指导案例、建立以恢复秩序为目标的部门联动机制、完善符合民族自治地方特点的刑事法官角色的建议。

The operational effect of criminal justice in ethnic autonomous areas is of great significance to maintain local social order.In judicial practice,criminal judges in ethnic autonomous areas do not adjudicate criminal cases caused by the customs of ethnic minorities only on the basis of legal rules,but use their discretion to bridge the conflict between ethnic minority customs and national criminal law under the condition of fully considering ethnic customs,historical traditions and other factor,so as to make judgments acceptable to the masses in ethnic autonomous areas.In the course of criminal proceedings,the understanding of criminal judges,the investigation organs,the procuratorial organs and the defense lawyers on the customs of ethnic minorities is also a positive condition for the smooth handling of cases.The paper puts forward some suggestions on the issue of guiding cases of customary crimes involving ethnic minorities,establishing the departmental linkage mechanism aiming at restoring order,and improving the role of criminal judges in accordance with the characteristics of ethnic autonomous areas.