基于BIM与三维扫描的建筑物智能拆除方法研究

Research on Intelligent Demolition Method Based on BIM and 3D Scanning

为提升建筑物拆除的信息化程度和建筑固废资源化利用率,从建筑物全生命周期循环的角度,提出了使用BIM和三维扫描技术的智能拆除系统框架:首先使用三维扫描仪和提出的三角锥靶标获取既有结构的点云并注册,然后基于开发的点云处理算法提取结构的几何参数并用于BIM模型的重建;紧接着,基于该BIM模型进行了拆除方案制定、安全性模拟和经济性评估。实践应用表明,提出的基于三角锥靶标的点云注册方法适用于建筑结构的点云注册,几何测量算法能够准确提取建筑构件的几何尺寸并用于精细化BIM模型的重建;基于该BIM模型制定的拆除方案、数值模拟和成本测算模型,可以预先对拆除方法的安全性、经济性进行准确评估。该框架从现场调查、方案制定、安全评估、成本分析四个方面,构建了建筑物智能化拆除与固废管理系统,为实现信息化、可持续的建筑物拆除工作提供了新的思路。

To enhance the informatization of building demolition and improve the utilization of construction waste,the paper proposed a framework of intelligent demolition based on BIM and 3D scanning.Firstly,the point cloud of existing structures is obtained and registered by using a 3D scanner and the triangular target proposed in this paper.Then the geometric parameters of the structures are extracted used for the reconstruction of the BIM model based on the point cloud processing extraction algorithm.Afterwards,the demolition plan,safety simulation and economic evaluation are carried out based on the BIM model.The practical application showed that the point cloud registration method based on the triangular target was applicable to the point cloud registration of large point cloud,and the geometric measurement algorithm could accurately extract the dimensions of the building components;the demolition scheme,numerical simulation and cost measurement model developed based on this BIM model could accurately evaluate the safety and economy of the demolition method in advance.The framework constructed an intelligent building demolition system from four aspects:site investigation,scheme development,safety assessment,and cost analysis,which could provide a new way to realize information-based and sustainable building demolition.