部分备货条件下生产系统柔性配置决策研究

Research on Flexible Configuration Decision of Production System under Partial Stock

为了缩短交货期和提高应对不确定需求的能力,企业会将部分生产能力用于备货,然后柔性地配置剩余的能力来尽可能地满足不确定需求,因此,研究部分备货条件下的系统柔性配置决策。以两阶段生产与不确定需求的预期错配数量为目标,构建生产决策模型。由于第二阶段柔性结构(d-链)下的最大预期销售量是模型求解的关键,需要研究d-链设计下的最大流问题。考虑到d-链属于封闭循环链,找到结构近似的相应开链。根据开链的模块化属性,应用马尔可夫链获得系统最大预期销售量。以2-链、3-链和4-链为例进行数值模拟,计算不同能力分配水平下两阶段生产的预期错配数量。结果表明,第二阶段的能力分配水平和柔性配置水平的增加都会减少预期错配数量,并且随着柔性配置水平的增加,d-链弥补(d-1)-链的柔性损失逐渐减小。在考虑柔性损失的边际效应和柔性配置成本的情况下,3-链设计是部分备货下理想的系统柔性结构。

In order to shorten the delivery time and improve the ability to respond to the uncertain demand,enterprises will use partial production capacity to stock,and then flexibly configure the remaining capacity,as far as possible to fill the uncertain demand that the stock cannot meet.Therefore,the decision of system flexible configuration under partial stock is studied.The production decision model is built with the goal of the amount of expected mismatch between the two-stage production and uncertain demand.Since the maximum expected sales under the second stage flexible design(d-chain)is the key to solve the model,it is necessary to study the max-flow problem under the d-chain design.Considering that the d-chain belongs to aclosed cycle chain,a corresponding open-chain design whose structure approximates to that of the d-chain is found.According to the modularity property of open-chains,Markov chain is applied to obtain the system maximum expected sales.Taking the 2-chain,the 3-chain and the 4-chain as examples,the expected mismatch quantity of the two-stage production under different capacity allocation levels are calculated.The results show that with the increase of the capacity allocation level and flexible configuration level in the second stage,the expected mismatch quantity decreases gradually,and the flexibility loss of the(d-1)-chain recovered by the d-chain is gradually reduced with the increase of the flexible configuration level.Considering the marginal effect of the flexibility lossand the flexibilityconfiguration cost,it is obtained that the 3-chain is the ideal flexibility structure under partial stock.