基于电子围栏的无桩式共享单车重平衡问题研究

Study on Free-floating Bike Sharing Rebalancing Problem Based on Electric Fence

针对无桩式共享单车运营中所出现的乱停乱放和分布不平衡问题,引入电子围栏并将其作为单车停放站点,通过调节各电子围栏的单车数量使得供需平衡。首先以最小化电动汽车固定使用成本和能耗成本为目标函数,构建了共享单车重平衡问题的混合整数规划模型。然后提出了IACP+IVNS算法来求解该模型,其中IACP算法(改进自动确定聚类中心的势能聚类算法)将大规模问题分解为小规模问题,IVNS算法(改进变邻域搜索算法)对每个小规模问题进行优化求解。最后,不同规模的算例仿真及灵敏度分析结果表明:本文算法可以有效地减少共享单车重平衡总成本。

Aiming at problems of random parking and unbalanced distribution in the free-floating bike sharing system,electronic fences are proposed and used as the parking sites of bikes,in which supply and demand are balanced by adjusting the number of bikes.First,a mixed integer programming model is established with the objective of minimizing the fixed cost and energy consumption cost of electric vehicles.Then,IACP+IVNS is designed to solve this model,in which,IACP(Improved Automatically Clustering based on Potential metric)decomposes a large-scale problem into some small-scale problems and IVNS(Improved Variable Neighborhood Search)optimizes those smallscale problems.Finally,the simulation results of different scale cases and sensitivity analysis show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the total rebalance cost.