装卸一体化电动汽车路径问题建模与优化

Model and Optimization on Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pick-up and Delivery

通过引入比能耗,首次将载货量和行驶距离同时作为电动汽车能耗的影响因素进行分析,并着重强调了载货量在电动汽车路径规划中的重要性。以电动汽车固定使用成本和能耗成本所构成的总成本最小为优化目标,建立了装卸一体化电动汽车路径问题的混合整数规划模型,并提出了基于变邻域搜索和模拟退火的混合启发式求解算法。为测试算法的有效性,设计了不同规模的测试算例,其中小规模算例的求解结果与CPLEX一样好,大规模算例可以在短时间内给出具有良好鲁棒性的解。企业实际算例和充电策略分析结果进一步验证了算法的有效性。

By introducing specific energy consumption,both load and driving distance are analyzed as the influence factors of energy consumption of electric vehicles for the first time,and the importance of load in the electric vehicle routing problem is emphasized.The mixed integer programming model of electric vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-ups and deliveries is proposed with the objective of minimizing the function composed of fixed cost and energy consumption cost of electric vehicles.Then,a hybrid heuristic algorithm based on variable neighborhood search and simulated annealing is designed to solve the problem.The validity of this algorithm is verified by several examples with different scales.The solutions of small-scale examples are as good as those given by CPLEX and the robust solutions of large-scale examples can be solved in a short time.The effectiveness of the algorithm is further validated by the case study and charging strategy analysis.