有豕白蹢 烝涉波矣——《诗经·渐渐之石》星象考释

In Groups with White Hooves Are Pigs Wading through the Waves——An Astrological Investigation and Explanation of the Steep Mountains and the Sheer Rock in the Books of Songs

顾炎武说:"三代以上,人人皆知天文。‘七月流火’,农夫之辞也;‘三星在户’,妇人之语也;‘月离于毕’,戍卒之作也;‘龙尾伏辰’,儿童之谣也。"七月流火、三星在户、月离于毕等皆出自《诗经》,实际上,《诗经》中所记天文星象,不仅于此,尚有顾炎武所不知者。《诗经·渐渐之石》有诗句:"有豕白蹢,烝涉波矣。月离于毕,俾滂沱矣。"前人皆知"月离于毕"描写的是天文,然有多重证据证明,"有豕白蹢,烝涉波矣"亦是古人对天文星象的形象描绘,隐藏着对时间季节的表达。可见,不知天文,则无以读古书,也无以读《诗》。