新媒体时代“单向度”大学生的表现、成因和超越路径

The Expression,Cause and Transcendence of“Unidirectional”College Students in the New Media Era

如何培养全面发展的大学生是当前高校思想政治教育一个亟待解决的难题。在《单向度的人》一书中,马尔库塞认为,技术对人的控制和奴役是造成“单向度的人”的重要原因。在“单向度”的维度下,大学生在多个领域内失去批判和否定的维度。本文讨论的是马尔库塞曾在书中提到的媒介技术,但是在新媒体时代背景下,媒介技术对大学生的“异化”又不断呈现新的表现形式,并延伸至消费领域和日常语言领域。新媒体时代,“单向度”大学生的成因可归结于新媒体技术的弊端、多种思想文化的碰撞以及社会发展中的实际问题。在此背景下,为了恢复大学生的双向度、促进大学生的全面发展,实现大学生对“单向度”的超越,应当:增强主体意识,净化社会交往环境;去除虚假需要,树立正确的消费观;弘扬主流文化,加强主流意识形态建设。

How to cultivate all-round college students is a difficult problem to be solved in the current ideological and political education in colleges and universities.In the book Unidirectional People,Marcuse believed that the control and enslavement of technology to people was an important reason for“one-way people”.Under the dimension of“oneway degree”,college students lose the dimension of criticism and negation in various fields.What this paper discusses here is the media technology that Marcuse once mentioned in his book.However,in the context of the new media era,the“alienation”of media technology to college students is constantly showing new forms of expression.And it extends to the fields of consumption and daily language.In the era of new media,the causes of“one-way”college students can be attributed to the drawbacks of new media technology,the collision of various ideologies and cultures,and practical problems in social development.In this context,in order to restore the two-way perspective of college students,promote their comprehensive development,and achieve their transcendence over the“one-way perspective”,it is necessary to enhance their subjective consciousness and purify the social interaction environment;Remove false needs and establish a correct consumption perspective;Promote mainstream culture and strengthen the construction of mainstream ideology.