中共党史资料的解读方法

Methods of Interpreting the Historical Data of the Communist Party of China

解读史料是历史研究的一项基本功。党史研究者不仅要学会运用"去粗取精""去伪存真""由此及彼""由表及里"等一般方法,而且还需把握以下三种特殊方法。一是"历史钩沉法",即重新寻出业已沉没的史实;二是"剥茧抽丝法",即通过一层层剥茧,一根根抽丝,以发掘史料的意义;三是"通盘联络法",即将同类分散的史料联络起来,以显现其意义。除此之外,还应关注史料生成的特殊背景。因为只有将史料置于特定"语境"中,才能理解它的确切含义;同时掌握必要的"社会常识"也至关重要,否则很难从史料中获得准确信息。

Interpreting historical data is a basic skill in historical research.Researchers should not only learn to use general methods such as"remove the rough and extract the essence","remove the false and save the truth","from this to the other",and"from the outside to the inside",but also to grasp the following three special methods.The first is the"exploring method",the second is the"stripping method",and the third is"contacting method".In addition,we should also pay attention to the special background of historical data generation.This is because historical materials can reflect their exact meaning only when they are placed in a specific"context";at the same time,it is very important to master the necessary"social common sense",otherwise it will be difficult to obtain accurate information from historical materials.