重庆市巴南区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis of health literacy levels and influencing factors among residents in Banan district, Chongqing

目的了解重庆市巴南区居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制定相关政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取巴南区15~69岁的779名常住人口作为调查对象,并进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的健康素养水平为20.28%。单因素分析结果显示,城镇居民健康素养水平高于农村居民(P<0.05);慢病患者健康素养水平低于无慢病居民(P<0.05);此外,不同文化程度、职业、年龄组、家庭人均年收入、自评健康状况调查对象的健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查对象3个方面(基本健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能)的素养水平分别为31.07%、20.15%、20.54%;六类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:安全与急救(48.91%)、科学健康观(41.08%)、健康信息(33.25%)、慢性病防治(27.86%)、基本医疗(19.77%)和传染病防治(14.38%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:农村居民(OR=0.532)、初中文化程度(OR=2.853)、高中/职高/中专文化程度(OR=5.983)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=5.522)、家庭人均年收入10000~<20000元(OR=3.532)、家庭人均年收入20000~<30000元(OR=2.841)、家庭人均年收入≥30000元(OR=7.968)均为调查对象是否具备健康素养的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论农村居民、低收入人群及文化程度较低者是今后健康教育的重点人群。

Objective To understand the level of health literacy and its influencing factors in Banan district,Chongqing,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies.Methods Using a multistage stratified whole-group sampling method,779 permanent residents aged 15-69 in Banan district were selected as survey subjects and questionnaires were administered.Results The health literacy level of the survey respondents was 20.28%.The results of univariate analysis showed that the health literacy level of urban residents was higher than that of rural residents(P<0.05);the health literacy level of patients with chronic diseases was lower than that of residents without chronic diseases(P<0.05);in addition,the difference.s in health literacy levels of survey subjects with different education level-s,occupations,age groups,per capita annual household income,and self-assessed health status were statistically significant(P<0.05).The literacy levels of survey respondents in three aspects(basic health knowledge and concepts,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and basic skills)were 31.07%,20.15%,and 20.54%,respectively;the literacy levels of six types of health isses in descending order were:safety and first aid(48.91%),scientific views on health(41.08%),health information(33.25%),chronic disease prevention and treatment(27.86%),basic medical care(19.77%),and infectious disease prevention and control(14.38%).The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that rural residence(OR=0.532),junior high school education(OR=2.853),high school/vocational high/j unior high school education(OR=5.983),college and above education(OR=5.522),annual per capita household income 10000—<20000 yuan(OR=3.532),household per capita annual income 20000-<30000 yuan(OR=2.841),and household per capita annual income≥30000 yuan(OR=7,968)were all influencing factors for whether the survey respondents had health literacy(P<0.05).Conclusion Rural residents,low-income people and those with lower education levels are the priority groups for health education in the future.