重庆市专业运动员躯体疼痛以及肌筋膜疼痛触发点流行病学调查研究

An epidemiological investigation of somatic pain and myofascial pain trigger points among professional athletes in Chongqing

目的对重庆市体育局直管8个运动项目的运动员进行疼痛的相关调查与分析,为专业运动员运动损伤的预防和治疗提供参考。方法将重庆市体育局直管包括田径、武术、跳水、跆拳道、柔道、举重、拳击以及古典摔跤在内的8个运动项目的161名专业运动员作为研究对象。通过自制问卷、触诊等方法对研究对象进行躯体疼痛及肌筋膜触发点调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果不同运动项目研究对象的疼痛发生率均无显著性别差异(P>0.05)。年龄<18岁的研究对象疼痛发生率为90.91%,年龄≥18岁的研究对象疼痛发生率为91.67%(P>0.05)。运动年限<5年和运动年限≥5年的研究对象疼痛发生率分别为88.24%和94.74%(P>0.05)。随着运动等级的提升,研究对象疼痛发生率及中重度疼痛发生率也随之升高,线性相关分析结果显示:研究对象的运动等级与其疼痛、中重度疼痛发生率存在线性相关(P<0.05)。在所有运动项目中,存在腰腹部、膝关节疼痛人数在总疼痛人数中占比较高。且在纳入的所有运动项目中,研究对象腰腹部肌肉和股四头肌都存在高的触发点发生率。结论运动员发生运动损伤的概率随着运动等级的提高而增加,而不同性别、年龄以及运动年限的运动员疼痛发生率差异并不显著。运动员疼痛部位与运动专项有着密切关系,同时腰腹部、膝关节疼痛发生率在各运动项目的运动员中都较高。肌筋膜触发点的位置与运动员运动损伤部位存在关联性。

Objective To investigate and analyze the pain related to athletes of 8 sports under Chongqing Sports Bureau,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in professional athletes.Methods One hundred and sixty-one professional athletes from eight sports including track and field,wushu,diving,taekwondo,judo,weightlifting,boxing,and classical wrestling under Chongqing Sports Bureau were in-cluded as the study subjects.Somatic pain and myofascial trigger points were investigated by self-administered questionnaires and palpation,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results There was no significant gender difference in the incidence of pain among the study subjects in different sports(P>0.05).The incidence of pain was 90.91%in study subjects aged<18 years and 91.67%in study subjects aged≥18 years(P>0.05).The incidence of pain was 88.24%and 94.74%in study subjects with<5 years of exercise and≥5 years of exer-cise,respectively(P>0.05).The incidence of pain and moderate to severe pain in the study subjects increased as the exercise level increased,and the results of linear correlation analysis shows that there was a linear correla-tion between the exercise level of the study subjects and their pain and moderate to severe pain incidence(P<0.05).The number of people with low back and knee pain was higher among the total number of people with pain in all sports.And in all sports included,the study subjects had a higher incidence of trigger points in the lumbar abdominal muscles and quadriceps.Conclusion The probability of sports injury increased with sport lev-el,while the difference in the incidence of pain among athletes of different genders,ages,and years of sporting experience was not significant.Athletes’pain sites were closely related to the sport,while the incidence of lumbar abdominal and knee pain was higher in athletes of all sports.There was a correlation between the location of myofascial trigger points and the site of sports injury in athletes.