环状RNA调控机制及其在畜禽肉质风味中的研究进展

Circular RNA Regulatory Mechanism and Its Research Progress in Meat Quality and Flavor

circRNA被发现至今,对它的研究一直处于不断探索之中。作为内源性竞争性ncRNA,它以共价闭合环状在哺乳动物体内普遍存在,且具有高表达性、保守性、组织特异性和发育阶段特异性的特点。circRNA有多个来源,包括5’端编码蛋白外显子、内含子环化、基因间区序列、UTRs、非编码基因座或已知转录本的反义链。circRNA的发生受多种调控机制的影响,而且不同亚型的circRNA的发生受不同的调控机制调节。此外circRNA还具有多功能性,作为miRNA的“海绵”,竞争性地结合miRNA,解除miRNA对靶基因的抑制作用,调控基因表达,与蛋白质结合形成circRNA-蛋白复合体,作为生物标志物参与疾病诊断,编码蛋白质。从当前研究中发现circRNA在畜禽肌间脂肪(intermuscular fat,IMF)组织中特异性表达,可能参与到IMF的调控网络中而发挥调控作用。本研究从circRNA的发现、来源、发生、调控机制、生物学功能和在畜禽肉质风味中研究进展进行了阐述,有助于进一步研究circRNA在肉质风味中的调控机制,为畜禽肉质遗传改良提供一定的理论基础。

The research on circRNA has been keeping exploring since it was discovered.As an endogenous competitive ncRNA,it generally exists in mammals with covalently closed loop,and has the characteristics of high expression,conservation,tissue specificity and developmental stage specificity.circRNA comes from multiple sources,which includes 5’-exons encoding protein,intron circularization,intergenic region sequences,UTRs,non-coding loci or antisense chains of known transcripts.The occurrence of circRNA is affected by a variety of regulatory mechanisms,and the occurrence of different subtypes of circRNA is regulated by different regulatory mechanisms.In addition,circRNA is also versatile.As a"sponge"of miRNAs,it competitively binds miRNAs,to remove the inhibition of miRNAs on target genes,regulates gene expression,binds with proteins to form circRNA-protein complex,participates in diseases as biomarkers diagnosis and encoding proteins.From the current research,it was found that circRNA is specifically expressed in intermuscular fat(IMF)tissues of livestock and poultry,which may participate in the regulatory network of IMF to play a regulatory role.This study expounds the discovery,origin,occurrence,regul-ation mechanism,biological function and research progress of circRNA in meat flavour of livestock and poultry,which is helpful to further study the regulation mechanism of circRNA in meat flavour and provides a certain theoretical basis for genetic improvement of meat quality of livestock and poultry.