独角雪冰鱼与其他三种南极鱼鳃组织的转录组差异分析

Differential Transcriptomic Analysis of Gill Tissues between Chionodraco hamatus and Other Three Antarctic Fishes

为探究血红蛋白缺失对免疫功能造成的影响,针对一种缺乏血红蛋白和功能性血红细胞的南极独角雪冰鱼(Chionodraco hamatus)和3种具有血红蛋白和血红细胞的南极鱼物种(伯氏肩孔南极鱼(Trematomus bernacchii)、博氏南冰■(Pagothenia borchgrevinki)和革首南极鱼(Notothenia coriiceps))的鳃组织进行转录组测序比较研究。结果表明:在参与比较的7498个基因中,2796个基因在南极冰鱼鳃中呈显著变化,其中,1584个基因在南极冰鱼鳃组织中的表达量显著降低,1212个基因表达量显著上升。差异基因的KEGG Pathway富集分析显示,33条与免疫和低氧相关的通路(如HIF-1信号通路)在南极冰鱼鳃中得到了富集。差异基因的GO富集分析也揭示出南极冰鱼在与免疫功能和红细胞发生相关的多个生物过程GO通路中(如免疫系统发育、稳态过程和造血或淋巴器官发育等)发生了富集。值得一提的是,在南极冰鱼鳃中表达量下降的基因(如gata1a,tfr1a,kmt2a,slc4a1a,myb,alas2,epor,slc25a37和metap2a等)中许多都与免疫功能和红细胞发生相关,这与南极冰鱼血红细胞发生受抑制相一致。可见,独角雪冰鱼与其他三种南极鱼鳃组织在免疫方面基因的表达差异显著,为揭示南极鱼类免疫机制的进化提供了参考资料。

To investigate the influence of hemoglobin loss on the function of the immune system,gill tissues from Chionodraco hamatus lacking hemoglobin and functional red blood cells,Trematomus bernacchii,Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Notothenia coriiceps with hemoglobin and red blood cells were used for a transcriptome sequencing comparison studies.The results showed that among the 7498 genes involved in the comparison,2796 genes showed significant changes in the gills of Antarctic ice fish,of which 1584 genes were significantly down regulated and 1212 genes were significantly up regulated..KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis of differential genes showed that 33 pathways(Such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway)related to immunity and hypoxia was enriched in gills of Antarctic ice fish.Differential gene GO enrichment analysis also revealed that Antarctic icefish had been enriched in GO pathways(Such as immune system development,homeostatic process and hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development,etc)in multiple biological processes related to immune function and erythropoiesis.It should be noticed that many of the genes(such as gata1 a,tfr1 a,kmt2 a,slc4 a1 a,myb,alas2,epor,slc25 a37 and metap2 a,etc)with decreased expression in gills of Antarctic ice fish were associated with immune function and erythropoiesis,which was consistent with the inhibition of erythropoiesis of Antarctic ice fish.It is concluded that there are significant differences in the expression of genes in the gill tissue between Chionodraco hamatus and the other three Antarctic fish,which provides reference for revealing the evolution of the immune mechanism of Antarctic fish.