神经元活动基因编码指示剂的研究进展

Research Progress in Genetically Encoded Indicators of Neuronal Activity

动物的认知和行为受复杂的神经网络所控制。神经元是神经系统结构与功能的基本单位。了解复杂神经网络控制动物认知和行为的过程与机制,需要在细胞水平上对神经活动进行检测和记录。近些年来结合光学显微镜与基因编码指示剂可视化神经活动的检测手段取得了很大的成功。本综述将从神经元激活后,膜电位、Ca2+浓度、突触小泡的运输以及神经递质的释放发生变化的特点对神经活动检测方法和技术进行了总结,重点是基因编码指示剂的运用,并对其基本原理、优缺点,以及未来发展方向作简要概述。

The cognition and behavior of animals are controlled by complex neural networks.Neurons are the basic unit of the structure and function of the nervous system.The processes and mechanisms by which complex neural networks control animal cognition and behavior,neural activity needs to be detected and recorded at the cellular level.In recent years,the combination of optical microscopy with genetically encoded indicators to visualize neural activity has achieved great success.In this paper,methods and techniques for detecting neural activity are summarized based on the characteristics of changes in membrane potential,Ca2+concentration,synaptic vesicle transport and neurotransmitter release after the activation of neurons,focusing on the use of genetically encoded indicators,and give a brief overview of its basic principles,advantages and disadvantages,and future development directions.