贵州油茶炭疽病病原鉴定及离体叶杀菌剂药效比较

Identification of the Anthracnose Pathogen of Oil-tea Tree in Guizhou and Comparison of Fungicide Pesticide Effect of Its Vitro Leaves

为探明贵州省主要油茶产区的炭疽病病原分布及比较不同杀菌剂药效,本研究对贵州省黔东南州天柱县、锦屏县、黎平县、黄平县,铜仁市松桃县、玉屏县、江口县及德江县的炭疽病染病油茶进行筛选取样,通过DNA测序与多基因(ITS,GAPDH,ACT,TUB2,TEF)系统发育树构建,鉴定炭疽病病原。再以离体油茶叶进行杀菌剂的防效与治效试验,比较评估不同杀菌剂的药效。从上述8个地区共筛选菌株11株,经研究鉴定其分属果生刺盘孢菌(18.2%)、暹罗刺盘孢菌(9.1%)、胶孢炭疽菌(63.6%)与山茶炭疽菌(9.1%)。杀菌剂防效试验中,0.3μg/mL的氟环咪鲜胺防效最高(88.47%),而0.035μg/mL的苯甲·嘧菌酯防效最低(40.70%);治效试验中,0.03μg/mL的氟环咪鲜胺治效最高(84.98%),0.035μg/mL的苯甲·嘧菌酯治效最低(32.01%)。研究结果表明贵州4种油茶炭疽病病原菌中胶孢炭疽菌分布最广;离体叶药效试验中,氟环咪鲜胺药效最佳,而苯甲·嘧菌酯药效最差。本研究对贵州省油茶炭疽病种类的多基因鉴定和相应药效试验可为抗病种质筛选及贵州本地炭疽病防治提供科学依据。

In order to explore the pathogen distribution of anthracnose and compare the efficacy of different fungicides in main Camellia oleifera producing areas in Guizhou province.In this study,Camellia oleifera infected with anthracnose was screened and sampled in Tianzhu,Jinping,Liping,Huangping,Songtao,Yuping,Jiangkou and Dejiang county of Guizhou province,and the anthrax pathogens was identified by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction of polygenes(ITS,GAPDH,ACT,TUB2,TEF).In addition,the efficacy of different fungicides were compared and evaluated by the experiment on the prevention and treatment of bactericides in vitro oil tea leaves.Eleven bacterial strains were screened from the above eight areas and identified as C.fructicola(18.2%),C.siamense(9.1%),C.gloeosporioides(63.6%)and C.camelliae(9.1%).In the fungicide defense efficacy experiment,0.3μg/mL prochloraz fluoride had the highest effect(88.47%)and 0.035μg/mL benzoyl pyrimethylester had the lowest effect(40.70%);in the fungicide therapeutic efficacy experiment,0.03μg/mL prochloraz fluoride had the highest effect(84.98%)and 0.035μg/mL benzoyl pyrimethyl ester had the lowest effect(32.01%).The results showed that C.gloeosporioides were the most widely distributed among the four pathogenic bacteria of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou.In the efficacy test of leaves in vitro,prochloraz fluoride had the best effect,while benzoyl pyrimethyl ester had the worst.The polygenic identification and corresponding pesticide effect test of Camellia olefolia anthracnose species in Guizhou province can provide scientific basis for germplasm screening and prevention and treatment of local anthracnose.