“尺”“乇”“卜”及相关诸字考辨

Textual Research on“尺”“乇”“卜”and Related Characters

长期以来,学界多认为战国文字中“尺”是假借“乇”字为之,其实这种看法缺乏证据。同时楚文字中“尺”“卜”“乇”作为单字和偏旁时,过去多被误释。文中分别讨论了以上三类形体的写法,并对相关材料进行了考证。认为“尺”字与“乇”应该相互区分,三晋文字中过去一些被认为是从乇的字,事实上是从尺的。而楚文字中“尺”“卜”写法相近,文中辨析了郭店简、望山简中文字,认为旧说分析这些形体从乇是有问题的,这些形体所从或为“尺”旁或为“卜”旁。楚国玉印中以往释成“乇”的字,应改释成“尺”或“卜”。包山楚简和木牍中以往释成“■”的字,应改释为“■”。

For a long time,many scholars believe that the“尺”in the Warring States characters is based on the word“乇”.In fact,this view is lack of evidence.At the same time,“尺”“卜”and“乇”in Chu characters were misinterpreted in the past.This paper discusses the writing methods of the above three types of shapes,and makes a textual research on the relevant materials.It is believed that the word“尺”has nothing with“乇”In fact,some words in the Sanjin characters that were thought to be from“乇”in the past are from“尺”The writing of“尺”and“卜”in Chu characters are similar.This paper discriminates the characters in Guodian bamboo slips and Wangshan bamboo slips,and believes that there are problems in the analysis of these characters in the past.These characters are either next to“尺”or next to“卜”.In the jade seal of Chu state,the word“乇”in the past should be interpreted as“尺”or“卜”。The word“■”previously interpreted in Baoshan Chu bamboo slips and wooden slips should be interpreted as“■”.