早产儿感染风险与防控

Infection risk and prevention of premature infants

早产儿各器官与免疫系统发育不成熟,为感染高危人群。早产儿感染危险因素较多,包括胎龄、出生体质量、性别、Apgar评分、喂养不耐受及基础疾病等自身因素;多胎(multifetation)、绒毛膜羊膜炎(chorioamnitis)、羊水污染、胎膜早破(premature rupture of membranes)、剖宫产、阴道定植菌及妊娠期疾病等母体因素;侵入性操作、激素和广谱抗生素的使用、长期胃肠外营养及住院时间较长等医源性因素。现对早产儿感染危险因素与防范措施进行综述,以期引起临床对早产儿感染的关注,加强医院管理与家庭监护,减少感染风险,降低早产儿死亡率。

Preterm infants are at high risk of infection because of their immature organs and immune system.There were many risk factors of infection in premature infants,including gestational age,birth weight,gender,Apgar score,feeding intolerance and underlying diseases.Maternal factors were included,such as multifetation,chorioamnitis,amniotic fluid contamination,premature rupture of membranes,cesarean section,vaginal rupture bacteria and diseases of pregnancy.Iatrogenic factors included invasive procedures,use of hormones and broad-spectrum antibiotics,long-term parenteral nutrition,and longer hospital stay.This paper summarized the risk factors and prevention measures of premature infant infection,in order to arouse clinical attention to premature infant infection,strengthen hospital management and family monitoring,reduce the risk of infection,reduce the mortality of premature infants.