二十世纪30年代上海渔轮捕捞与渔业现代化研究

A Study of Fishing Vessel Fishing and Fisheries Modernization in Shanghai in the 1930s

在近代上海渔业生产中,渔轮捕捞是非常重要的捕捞方式。20世纪30年代出版发行的《渔况》《统计月刊》和《上海市水产经济月刊》等期刊中记载了大量涉及上海渔轮捕捞的数据。数据分析显示,1930年至1937年上海港渔轮捕捞数量和价值基本呈上升趋势,但并没有明显的季节性集聚现象;捕捞海产品种类呈现出明显的集聚现象,鱏鱼、小黄鱼、鮸鱼、鞋底鱼为主要捕捞海产品,但除小黄以外的各主要海产品捕捞季节性特征并不明显。种种特点,无疑显示出渔轮捕捞相比传统捕捞方式的优势所在。渔轮捕捞积极推动降低渔业捕捞成本、增强渔业抗风险能力和改进渔业管理,但对于维护海洋权益和抵制日本侵渔则作用甚少。整体而言,作为现代渔业的开端,上海渔轮捕捞引领中国渔业现代化的方向。

Fishing vessel fishing was a very important fishing method in modern Shanghai fisheries production,and a large amount of data on fishing vessel fishing in Shanghai was recorded in the journals published in the 1930s,such as Fishing Condition,Monthly Statistics and Shanghai Fishery Economic Monthly.The analysis of the data shows that the number and value of fishing vessels in Shanghai port from 1930 to 1937 basically showed an increasing trend,but there was no obvious seasonal clustering;the types of seafood caught showed an obvious clustering phenomenon,with the main seafood caught being the marrowfish,small yellowtail,otolithus and solefish,but the seasonal characteristics of all the main seafood caught except small yellowtail were not obvious.All these characteristics undoubtedly show the advantages of fishing vessels over traditional fishing methods.Fishing vessels have contributed to reducing fishing costs,increasing the resilience of the fishing industry and improving fisheries management,but have done little to protect marine rights and interests or to counteract Japanese fishing aggression.Overall,as the beginning of the modern fishing industry,Shanghai fishing vessels are leading the way in modernising China's fishing industry.