加拿大自然保护地体系现状与管理研究

Overview and Management of Conservation Areas in Canada

加拿大自然保护地实践历史悠久,是世界上最早设立国家公园政府管理机构的国家。目前,加拿大自然保护地分布在其所有31个生态区中,主要管理模式可分为政府管理、共同管理、私人管理、土著社区管理四种类型。国家公园是加拿大代表性自然保护地,其顶层发展规划以自然区域特征和生态代表性为基础,具有较强的科学性。通过梳理分析加拿大自然保护地现状和管理特点,本文提出了三点认识,以期为我国自然保护地体系完善提供参考。

Canada has a long history of conservation practices and is the first country in the world to establish a national park management agency.Currently,Canada’s nature reserves are distributed in all 31 of its ecoregions.The main management modes can be divided into four types:government management,joint management,private management,and indigenous community management.National parks are representative nature reserves in Canada,and their top-level development plan is based on the characteristics of natural areas and ecological representation,which is highly scientific.Through the analysis of the status quo and management characteristics of Canada’s natural reserve,this paper puts forward three points of understanding in order to provide reference for the improvement of China’s natural reserve system.