从金属材料疲劳性能的力学描述到飞机结构疲劳寿命评定:现状与展望

From Mechanical Description for Metal Fatigue Properties to Service Life Evaluation of Aircraft Structural Components:Status and Challenges

疲劳失效是影响飞机金属结构安全性和使用寿命的主要因素,金属疲劳的学术研究和工程实践在相互促进中得以不断发展.论文总结了飞机传统金属结构疲劳问题的特点,综述了当前飞机金属结构疲劳分析方法的三种思路,即从材料疲劳性能出发的唯象疲劳分析方法、从结构疲劳品质出发的唯象疲劳分析方法、以及以断裂力学为基础的分析方法,剖析了不同思路分析方法的内涵、流程及潜在发展,讨论了学术研究和分析方法的进步对飞机结构抗疲劳保安全策略的变革性影响.在此基础上,结合先进材料与新型结构的发展和应用所提出的新挑战和新思路、以及未来飞机结构对疲劳与损伤容限评价工作的新需求,对结构疲劳分析方法研究的未来发展作出浅析和展望.

The safety and service life of aircraft metallic structures are dominated by fatigue failure,and the corresponding academic research and engineering practice have been developing in mutual promotion.This paper concludes the features of fatigue problems in aircraft metallic structures;reviews the existing three fundamental methodologies of fatigue analysis,i.e.,those based on material fatigue properties,structural fatigue qualities,and fracture mechanics,respectively;dissects the respective intentions and potential developments for each methodology;and discusses the revolutionary effects of progress in academic research and analysis methods on the anti-fatigue strategies for aircraft metallic structures.Combined with new challenges and ideas raised by the development and application of advanced materials and innovative structures,as well as new requirements on fatigue and damage tolerance evaluations for future aircraft structures,this paper finally outlines the prospective future research directions of fatigue analysis methods and methodologies.