社会认同和群际威胁对群际态度的影响:基于语言群际偏差的指标

The Impact of Social Identity and Intergroup Threats on Intergroup Attitudes: Indicators Based on Linguistic Intergroup Bias

群际态度是群际关系的指示器,预测着群际行为与群际和谐。已有研究从社会认同、群际威胁等方面分别探讨了对群际态度的影响,存在两方面的不足。第一,关于社会认同如何影响群际态度,研究结果并不一致;第二,群际态度受多种因素交互影响并未涉及。基于此,本研究以大学生为研究对象,探讨社会认同、群际威胁对群际态度是否存在交互影响。研究结果显示,无群际威胁且社会认同程度高时,A文化群组被试表现了对内群体积极行为的偏爱,而B文化群组被试对内群体消极行为表现出了保护的倾向。研究结果提示群体成员对内群体的态度发生了变化,并未出现无条件的内群体偏爱。而当群际威胁出现时,无论社会认同程度高低,A文化群组被试表现出了显著的内群体偏爱和外群体偏见,提示A文化群组成员更容易表现出对内群体的亲社会行为;而B文化群组被试只有在高社会认同时,才会出现明显的内群体偏爱。因此,社会认同程度、群际威胁交互影响了人们的群际态度。这些研究结果对预测群际行为与群际和谐具有重要的启示意义。

Intergroup attitudes are indicators of intergroup relations in predicting intergroup behavior and intergroup harmony.There are two deficiencies in previous studies of the influence on intergroup attitudes from the aspects of social identity and intergroup threat.First,the results of the study on how social identity affect intergroup attitude are inconsistent.Second,whether intergroup attitude affected by the interaction of multiple factors is unknown.Based on these considerations,the current research focuses on undergraduates to explore whether social identity and intergroup threat have an interactive impact on intergroup attitudes.The results showed that when there was no intergroup threat and the degree of social identity was high.The participants of A cultural group showed preference to positive behavior for their in-group,while the participants of B cultural group showed tendency to protect the negative behavior for their in-group.The results suggested that the attitude of the group members to their in-group may change,and there is no unconditional preference to in-group.When the intergroup threat appeared,regardless of the degree of social identity,the participants of A cultural group showed significant preference to in-group and bias to out-group,suggesting that the participants were more likely to show prosocial behavior to their in-group.However,the participants of B cultural group had obvious preference to in-group only when they had high social identity.Therefore,the degree of social identity and intergroup threat affect the attitude of participants interactively.These results have important implications for predicting intergroup behavior and intergroup harmony.