政府数据开放价值创造缘何失败?——基于价值共同破坏视角的新解释

Why Is There a Failure of Value Creation from Open Government Data?——A New Explanation from the Perspective of Value Co-destruction

当前关于政府数据开放价值创造的研究多从技术要素与生态系统出发讨论其结果差异,但是,为何拥有较高的信息化水平、丰富合作对象的政府项目却遭遇失败?本文通过理论对话、案例比较提出"政府数据开放价值共同破坏"的解释框架。选择D市政府数据开放价值创造失败的典型项目"省时宝"作为案例研究对象,通过半结构化的深度访谈收集资料。研究发现,政府数据开放价值共同破坏是由"资源短缺"(数据治理权不足、企业投入资源不足)与"行为不当"(政府部门的避责行为、企业的机会主义行为、公众无法反馈有效信息)共同引发的。在此基础上构建出"资源短缺和行为不当—低水平价值产出—负面情绪—价值共同破坏"的作用机制。本文进一步丰富了现有研究,为理解和分析当下政府数据开放价值创造失败的发生机制提供了更完整的解释图景。

As the most classic framework for understanding public value,the Triangle Strategic Model points out that value objectives,legitimacy,support,and operational capacity are important dimensions underlying the success of public value creation.Based on this model,research on value creation from open government data(OGD)has formed two mainstream explanations:one is the“technology view,”which emphasizes the dominant influence of technical characteristics on public value creation from open government data;the other is the“ecological view,”which attaches importance to the interactive impact of social foundation,stakeholders,and other elements required for value creation from OGD.However,this author has found a counterfactual,that is,the failure of government projects with a high level of information and rich cooperative partners.In the face of this paradox,the academic community remains unclear about the underlying mechanisms.Through theoretical analyses and case comparisons,this paper puts forward a framework based on“value co-destruction,”including two variables:“resource shortages”(insufficient data governance rights,insufficient resources invested by enterprises)and“improper behavior”(the avoidance of responsibilities by government departments,opportunistic behavior by enterprises).The research selected the case of“sheng shi bao”in D city and collected data through semi-structured in-depth interviews.It was found that before there is value creation from OGD,mismatched departmental responsibilities and powers will directly lead to low data in departmental governance powers,and the lack of autonomy in data production,collection,and disclosure will have a negative impact on completion of the expected work objectives.The lack of trust in government and cooperative projects will directly lead to a reduction of enterprise investment resources and will restrict the performance of cooperative production.Low data governance power and fewer resources invested by enterprises will thus lead to resource shortages in public value creation.In terms of value creation from OGD,a conservative culture causes the government to avoid responsibility and to engage in self-serving behavior that produces opportunism.Moreover,due to the lack of feedback channels,the confusion and problems encountered in the process of public participation or public use are often unable,or rarely,fed back and communicated,which also have a negative impact on value creation.These three categories are the main types of behavior that lead to value co-destruction.As the main negative factors in the value creation process from OGD,resource shortages and improper behavior directly determine the level of value output.A low level of value output induces the participants.negative emotions,and such negative emotions lead directly to a reduction in the subjective welfare of the actors,that is,value co-destruction.In addition,one or both parties who generate negative emotions may engage in negative feedback behavior,that is,they will further reduce resources or will exacerbate improper behavior.To sum up,value creation from OGD is a complex process At different stages,actors will have different objectives and will engage in different types of behavior,which will require different value management strategies.