重大公共卫生危机治理中的就业政策工具组合——基于省级层面政策的文本分析

The Combination of Employment Policy Instruments for Governance of a Major Public Health Crisis:A Text Analysis Based on Provincial-Level Policy

重大公共卫生危机的暴发会对社会就业造成巨大冲击,地方政府如何应用就业政策工具组合,确保稳定就业,是一项重大公共问题。在新冠肺炎疫情危机治理实践中,我国省级政府针对疫情危机治理不同阶段的就业政策目标、不同类型就业对象及地域社会经济特征,组合应用权威调控型、经济孵化型、社会服务型和综合型政策工具,产生了有效防控危机和稳定就业秩序的双重政策效果。同样,就业政策工具组合也受到政策目标、对象和地域的联动影响。面对疫情对就业的持续影响,地方政府既要综合发挥权威调控、经济孵化和综合型政策工具的监管、杠杆和融合调节功能,又要补强社会服务型政策工具对拉动就业的作用,使政策工具组合起到促进就业的作用。

The outbreak of the major public health crisis has had a great impact on employment.To deal with the major public issue,local governments have applied a combination of employment policy instruments to achieve the national policy goals of crisis management and stable employment.In the governance of the COVID-19 crisis,provincial governments have combined authoritative government regulations,economic improvements,social services,and comprehensive policies to respond to their employment policy objectives and the regional socio-economic characteristics.The combination of these policy instruments has produced dual policy effects for effective crisis prevention and stabilization of employment order.The combination of employment policy tools is affected by the linkage of policy objectives,targets,and regions.In the face of the continuing impact of the epidemic on employment,local governments should not only give full play to the functions of authoritative government and economic improvements but also strengthen the role of social service policy instruments to stimulate employment so that such a combination of policy tools will produce efficient employment growth.