政府治理效率价值几何?——基于上海市城市治理微观数据的实证分析

What is the Value of Government Governance Efficiency?An Empirical Analysis Based on Micro Data on Urban Governance in Shanghai

城市治理效率测度和效果评价是推动城市治理能力现代化的重要基础。本文利用智慧城市实践过程中产生的城市综合管理执法数据,构建了以城管执法效率为代表的政府治理效率。在此基础上,本文引入公共品资本化理论,利用房地产特征价格法测度了政府治理效率对于社会公众的资本化价值。实证结果发现,街道城市管理部门在处理各类社会投诉时,平均处理时间每缩短1天,该街道辖区房价平均要高出1300~3100元/平方米,且对挂牌价的影响更大。此外,政府在处理与住房更加相关的"物业管理"类投诉事件时,其效率提升对房价的影响也更大。此类投诉的处理时间每缩短1天,房价上涨2800~3200元/平方米。本文的研究对于推动服务型政府转型、提升政府治理水平和效率具有重要意义。

The measurement and evaluation of the effects of the efficiency of urban governance is an important foundation for promoting the modernization of urban governance capabilities.The perception of government governance behavior is often low,and it is difficult to objectively measure investment costs and governance effects.Measurement and evaluation of governance effects remain mostly subjective indicators,and there is still a lack of related quantitative research.This article makes a breakthrough in the measurement and evaluation of governance efficiency,an important dimension of governance capabilities.It uses comprehensive urban management data generated during the practice of smart cities to construct a measurement of the efficiency of government governance.This article introduces a theory of capitalization of public goods into the evaluation of government governance efficiency.Through housing price changes,an indicator that represents the public’s willingness to pay,a more comprehensive and quantitative measurement of the capital value of improvements in government governance efficiency is provided and an empirical evaluation of the effects of government governance is provided to introduce a new approach.The empirical results of this article find that improvements in the efficiency of streetlevel government governance can significantly increase the price of second-hand housing on the street.After controlling for the influence of other factors,every 10%increase in governance efficiency will promote a 1.4%~3.1%increase in housing prices in local jurisdictions.On average,when the city government handles various social complaints and average processing time is shortened by 1 day,second-hand house prices in the jurisdiction increase by RMB 1300~3100 per square meter,and this has a greater impact on the listing price compared with the transaction price.In addition,when the government handles more housing-related complaints,such as"property management,"improvements in its efficiency have a greater impact on housing prices.Every time the processing time for such complaints is shortened by 1 day,the price of housing will increase by 2800~3200 yuan/square meter.This shows that the key channel for local government governance to affect the local housing market is to improve the urban appearance and the living environment in the local jurisdiction,and this will enhance livability for local residents.The policy implication of this article is that,in addition to continuing to ensure the provision of rigid public services with a high degree of perception,governments should pay more attention to the provision of public services with a low degree of perception,such as urban governance,and they should reasonably allocate public resources among different types of services.The research in this article is of great significance for promoting the transformation of service-oriented government and improving the level and efficiency of government governance and for promoting market-based pricing of government behavior,encouraging operational reform and management of government institutions and guiding a continuous improvement in government governance.