国家治理的中国特色和普遍趋势

State Governance: Chinese Distinctiveness and Some General Trends

国家治理体系和治理能力现代化是中国特色社会主义政治现代化的重要内容,是中国共产党对社会政治发展规律的新认识。中国逐渐形成了一种新的国家治理模式。从比较政治学的角度看,这一模式具有以党组织为主导的多元治理结构、基于"路径依赖"之上的增量改革、"以点带面"的治理改革策略、典型和样板引领的治理改革路径、稳定压倒一切的核心价值、法治与德治同时起着重要作用、条块结合的治理格局等特征。善治是国家治理的理想状态,本质特征就是国家与社会处于最佳状态,是政府与公民对社会公共事务的协同管理。国家在推进治理现代化、实现善治的过程中,都要遵循从一元治理到多元治理、从集权到分权、从人治到法治、从管制到服务、从封闭到开放的趋势。

As an integral part of the political modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the objective of modernizing the system and capacity of state governance indicates CPC..s deeper understanding on the general logic of social and political development.A new state governance model is gradually taking shape in China.From the perspective of comparative politics,this new model has the following features:a multiactor governance structure dominated by party organizations,an incremental reform approach based on path dependence,a reform strategy that encourages pilot experiments,the propensity to designate"frontrunners"or"exemplars"in governance reform,attaching overriding importance to social stability,enabling the laws and ethical doctrines to play their respective roles,and integrating the horizontal and hierarchical substructures in governance networks.As the ideal state of governance,good governance entails the partnership of the government and citizens in public affairs management and implies the optimal functioning of the state and the society.In the process of speeding up governance modernization and striving for good governance,China has to pay sufficient attention to some general trends,including from the monolithic model of governance to the multi-actor model of governance,from centralization to decentralization,from the disproportionate roles of individuals to the prevalence of the rule of law,from regulation to service,and from closeness to openness.