高性能锂硫电池碳基硫宿主的研究进展

Research progress in carbon-based sulfur hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

“双碳”战略要求新型储能器件具备更高的能量密度和更低的成本。锂硫电池因其低成本、环保和高比能(2600 Wh kg-1)等优势,而成为储能领域中最具潜能的电池体系,已受到了广泛的关注及研究。近年来,锂硫电池已取得了系列进展,但仍面临一些问题与挑战,包括硫固有的电荷传输效率差、可溶性多硫化物的“穿梭效应”、充放电过程中的剧烈体积膨胀及锂枝晶的生长等,这些问题会导致锂硫电池性能下降甚至失效。碳基硫宿主具有多孔、高电导、轻质、大比表面积等优点,能够有效解决以上难题,已成为锂硫电池研究领域中的重要方向。而碳材料种类繁多,有碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管、碳纳米片、碳纳米花等,不同形貌或具备不同纳米尺度维度的碳纳米结构对锂硫电池的性能具有不同的影响规律。基于此,本文围绕高性能锂硫电池碳基硫宿主进行综述,分类综述了一维、二维、及多维复合碳材料在锂硫电池领域的应用及其性能,阐述不同维度碳基硫宿主对其电化学性能的影响规律,并对未来的研究方向进行了一定的展望。

The strategy of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals"demands the new energy storage devices to have higher energy density and lower cost.Lithium-sulfur batteries have become the most potential battery system in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of low cost,environmental-friendly feature and high specific energy(2600 Wh kg-1),which have received extensive attention and investigation.In recent years,lithium-sulfur batteries have made a series of progress,but still face some problems and challenges,including the poor charge transfer efficiency of sulfur,the"shuttle effect"of soluble polysulfides,severe volume expansion during charge and discharge,and lithium dendrite growth,etc.These problems can lead to performance degradation or even failure of lithium-sulfur batteries.Beneficial from the advantages of porous,high conductivity,light weight,and large specific surface area,carbon-based sulfur hosts can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems and have become an important research areas in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries.There are various types of carbon materials,including carbon nanofibers,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanosheets,and carbon nanoflowers.Carbon-based materials with various morphology or size could have different effects on the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,this review focus on the development of carbon-based sulfur hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.We summarize the one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and multi-dimensional composite carbon-based sulfur hosts,and discuss their dimensional effects on the electrochemical performance of the sulfur cathodes.Lastly,the future research directions are prospected.