辐射技术在无机纳米材料制备与改性中的应用研究进展

Application of radiation technique in synthesis and modification of inorganic nanomaterials

辐射技术因其独特的清洁、经济、高效和工业化潜力等优势已经被人们广泛的研究和应用于合成纳米晶体/材料。目前,已经利用γ射线、高能电子束或者离子束诱导还原成功制备碳纳米复合材料、金属/合金纳米晶体以及金属氧化物纳米晶体等,而且,通过调节吸收剂量、剂量率、稳定剂、界面环境等条件实现对生成纳米颗粒形貌、尺寸、表面性质以及单分散性的调控。本综述从辐射技术对无机纳米材料合成与改性的角度出发,重点阐述了其在碳基纳米材料、金属/合金纳米晶体以及半导体纳米晶体中的合成与改性研究现状,以及在实际应用中存在的问题。在此基础上,展望了辐射技术未来在调控合成新型纳米复合材料中的新应用和新方向,进而推动辐射技术改性或合成纳米材料在医学显像、药物输送、环境保护、光电器件以及能源等领域的发展与应用。

Radiation technology has been widely studied and applied in synthesis of nanocrystal materials due to its unique advantages of cleanliness,economy,efficiency and industrialization potential.In current,it’s reported that that carbon nanocomposites,metal/alloy nanocrystals and metal oxide nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by usingγray,high energy electron beam or ion beam.Moreover,the morphology,size,surface functional groups and monodisperse properties of nanoparticles can be regulated by adjusting radiation dose,dose rate,stabilizer,interface environment and radical trapping agents.Therefore,the review will focus on the research and application of radiation technology in synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials,metal/alloy nanocrystals and semiconductor nanocrystals.Based on the review,the future application and new direction of radiation technology in the regulation and synthesis of new nanocomposites are prospected,which will promote the development and application of nanocrystal composites in medical imaging,drug delivery,environmental protection,optoelectronic devices and energy.