中国收费公路发展历程与政策评析

Development Process and Policy Analysis on China’s Toll Road

为回顾中国收费公路发展的历程,评价收费公路政策的作用,分析坚持并完善收费公路政策的必要性和合理性,运用实证研究和案例分析,将收费公路的发展阶段划分为探索发展、加快发展、快速发展、平稳发展和跨越式发展5个历史阶段;定量和定性分析相结合评价了收费公路政策在实现基础设施投融资模式改革创新、加速经济社会发展的机动化进程、带动公路基础设施的快速发展、让公众提前享受了高品质出行条件和服务等方面的成效。从我国财政保障能力、经济学理论、资源配置效率、国际经验借鉴等维度,分析论证通过收费方式筹集高速公路建养资金更加公平合理,并从某种程度上已成为国际共识,为了适应全面深化改革的新形势和新要求,必须继续坚持和完善收费公路政策。

To review the development process of China’s toll road,evaluate on the effectiveness of toll road policy,and analyze the necessity and rationality of adhering to toll road policy in the future,the empirical research and case analysis were utilized.The development process of toll road was divided into 5 historical stages,i.e.,exploratory development,accelerated development,rapid development,stable development,and leapfrog development.The effectiveness of toll road policy was evaluated with the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis in achieving innovation in infrastructure investment and financing models,accelerating the motorization process of economic and social development,driving the rapid development of highway infrastructure,and enabling the public to enjoy high-quality travel conditions and services in advance.From the dimensions of China’s financial security capacity,economic theory,resource allocation efficiency,and international experience reference,it is analyzed and argued that raising funds for highway construction and maintenance through toll collection is more fair and reasonable,and becomes an international consensus to some extent.To adapt to the new situation and requirements of comprehensive deepening reform,it is necessary to continue adhering to improve toll road policies.