公路网建设对湿地生态影响研究综述

An Overview on Impact of Highway Network Construction on Wetland Ecology

针对公路网引起的湿地生态结构和功能性变化规律与特征,为路网建设发展中的湿地保护与修复提供理论依据和技术支持,开展了国内外文献查阅及技术调研工作。梳理归纳了近年来公路网建设对湿地生态影响及应对措施等方面的研究进展,主要从公路网络系统对湿地生态影响的研究内容与方法、关键要素及生态响应特征、建设过程中的湿地生态保护应对策略与方法等3个方面依次开展研究现状总结和分析。明晰了现有研究成果和结论对指导路网区域生态保护与修复的作用和意义。通过现有研究进展的剖析提出了开展路网级多尺度观测与评价方法、针对路网局部生态保护的建造技术等研究方向的建议。结果表明:遥感和地理信息系统湿地路网的生态分析具有客观、经济和快速的特点,路网对湿地生态的影响因素主要包括路网密度、布局、交通量等,在公路网的规划、设计阶段,尽量避免对湿地的穿越和分割,明确路网密度阈值和道路影响范围。

In the light of the regulations and characteristics of wetland ecological structure and functional changes caused by road network,in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for wetland protection and restoration,the domestic and foreign literature review and technical research in the development of road network construction are carried out.The effects of highway network construction on wetland ecology and its countermeasures in recent years are summarized,and the current research situation is summarized and analyzed from 3 aspects:the research contents and methods,the key factors and the ecological response characteristics,and the countermeasures and methods of wetland ecological protection in the process of construction.The function and significance of the present research results and conclusions to guide the regional ecological protection and restoration of road network are clarified.Based on the analysis of the current research progress,some suggestions are put forward,such as the development of multi-scale observation and evaluation methods for road network,and the construction technology for local ecological protection of road network.The result shows that the ecological analysis of wetland road network based on remote sensing and GIS is objective,economic and rapid.The main factors affecting wetland ecology include road network density,layout,traffic volume,etc.,in the planning and design stage of highway network,the crossing and segmentation of wetland should be avoided as far as possible.