胶辊式和锥盘式破瓣技术比较分析

Comparisons and analysis of rubber roller and conical disc garlic breaking technology

大蒜制种和深加工都需先对大蒜进行破瓣,目前大蒜机械化破瓣技术主要有胶辊式和锥盘式破瓣技术,为提高大蒜机械化破瓣效率、降低破损率,本文对胶辊式和锥盘式破瓣技术的性能以及破瓣后蒜瓣的状态进行了对比分析。胶辊式大蒜破瓣装置对大蒜破瓣率为91.6%,破损率为1.6%。锥盘式大蒜破瓣装置对大蒜的破瓣率为95.3%,破损率为3.3%。结果表明,锥盘式大蒜破瓣装置比胶辊式大蒜破瓣装置的破瓣率高,但胶辊式大蒜破瓣技术易于实现多级破瓣,通过添加多级胶辊可以有效的提高破瓣率;利用胶辊式大蒜破瓣装置进行破瓣后的大蒜,蒜皮保存较为完整,对牙尖部位的损伤较小,蒜瓣适合大蒜种植;利用锥盘式大蒜破瓣装置破瓣后的大蒜,蒜瓣脱皮现象较多,且蒜瓣的损伤主要以牙尖部位损伤和蒜瓣缺失为主,蒜瓣更适合应用于深加工。分析结果为大蒜机械化技术的应用和机具开发设计提供参考依据。

The garlic needs to be broken into cloves first in order to planting or deep processing. At present, the mechanized breaking technology of garlic is mainly divided into rubber roller type and cone disc type. In order to improve the efficiency of mechanized garlic breaking and reduce the breakage rate, the performance of rubber roller type and cone disc type clove breaking technology and the status of garlic cloves after clove breaking were compared and analyzed in this paper. The breaking rate and damaged rate of garlic with rubber roller type garlic breaking device was 91.6% and 1.6%. The breaking rate and damaged rate of garlic with the cone disc type garlic clove breaking device was 95.3% and 3.3%. The results show that the clove breaking rate of cone disc type device is higher than that of rubber roller type device, but rubber roller type garlic clove breaking technology is easy to realize multi-stage clove breaking. The clove breaking rate can be effectively increased by adding multi-stage cots. The skins of garlic cloves broken by the roller roller type device is relatively intact and the damage to the tip of garlic is small. This kind of garlic clove is suitable for planting. The garlic cloves broken by the cone disc type garlic clove breaking device has more peeling phenomenon and the damage of garlic clove mainly includes tip injury and garlic clove loss. This kind of garlic clove is more suitable for deep processing. The analysis results provide a reference for the application of garlic mechanization technology and the development and design of machinery.