丘陵山区甘薯收获机的研制与试验

Development and test of sweet potato harvester in hilly area

针对丘陵山区甘薯收获机械化水平低,国内收获机普遍存在伤薯率高、挖掘阻力大、易堵塞和土薯分离不净的问题,设计制造一种适用于适于丘陵缓坡红黄壤黏性土作业的甘薯收获机。阐述收获机整机结构和工作原理,对传动系统、挖掘铲、防缠装置和土薯分离输送装置等关键部件进行设计分析,通过理论计算确定弧形挖掘铲、升运链和抖动轮的主要参数。性能试验结果表明:防缠装置对收获机性能影响显著,低速收获时,明薯率为98.25%,伤薯率为2.94%,破皮率为2.15%,顺畅性为99.52%,生产率约为0.16 hm^2/h;高速收获时,明薯率为98.51%,伤薯率为2.62%,破皮率为2.02%,顺畅性为98.32%,生产率约为0.27 hm^2/h,各项指标均符合设计合格要求,对甘薯红黄壤黏性土垄作种植适应性较好。

Aiming at the low level of mechanized harvesting of sweet potato in hilly and mountainous areas,and domestic sweet potato harvesters generally have serious shortage,such as high injury rate,greater resistance in excavation,easy to plug and inefficient soil separation,a sweet potato harvester suitable for the job in red-yellow viscous soil of hills gentle slope was designed and manufactured.The structure and working principle of the harvester,the driving system,digging shovel,anti-winding device and soil-potato separating mechanism were designed.The main parameters of arc digging shovel,elevator chain and jitter were determined by theoretical calculation.The performance test results showed that:anti-winding device had significant effect on harvester performance,in low-speed operation,the potato exposure rate was 98.25%,the potato injury rate was 2.94%,the potato skin damage was 2.15%,the job smoothness was 99.52%,the productivity could get to 0.16 hm^2/h;in high-speed operation,the potato exposure rate was 98.51%,the potato injury rate was 2.62%,the potato skin damage was 2.02%,the job smoothness was 98.32%,the productivity could get to 0.27 hm^2/h,the parameters meet the design qualification requirements.The harvester has good adaptability to the ridge cultivation of sweet potato in red-yellow viscous soil.