高速公路对大熊猫栖息地的影响及保护措施

Environmental Impact of Highway on Habitat of Panda and Protective Measures

大熊猫主要分布在中国西部山区,多为贫困地区。由于自然隔离和人为活动干扰,大熊猫栖息地破碎化和种群隔离问题突出。高速公路作为贫困地区重要的扶贫工程,也是造成大熊猫栖息地碎片化的重要因素。乐西高速公路是成都平原经济区与攀西经济区的又一条联系通道,路线纵贯乌蒙山集中连片特困地区,是重要的扶贫通道。乐西高速公路主要以隧道和桥梁形式穿越大熊猫栖息地,将对大熊猫栖息地造成一定影响。在针对可能造成的具体影响提出有效防治措施并予以严格落实的情况下,乐西高速公路建设对大熊猫栖息地影响较小。以乐西高速公路为例,分析研究高速公路对大熊猫栖息地的影响,可为大熊猫栖息地的保护提供思路,对研究生物多样性丰富的贫困山区的基础设施建设如何与生态环境的保护协调发展具有重要意义。

Pandas are mainly distributed in mountainous areas of western China,mostly in undeveloped areas.Due to natural isolation and human disturbance,the problem of habitat fragmentation and population isolation of giant pandas is prominent.As an important poverty alleviation project in poor areas,expressway is also an important factor causing the fragmentation of giant panda habitat.The Leshan-Xichang Expressway is another link between Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and Panxi Economic Zone.It runs through Wumeng Mountains concentrated areas with extreme poverty,and is an important poverty alleviation channel.It mainly passes through the giant panda habitat by tunnels and bridges,which have a certain impact on the giant panda habitat.After effective preventive measures being put forward and implemented strictly,the construction of Leshan-Xichang Expressway has less impact on the habitat of pandas.Taking Leshan-Xichang Expressway as an example,the impact of expressway on giant panda habitat is analyzed which can provide ideas for the protection of panda habitat,and it is of great significance to study how to coordinate the infrastructure construction with the protection of ecological environment in poor mountainous areas with rich biodiversity.