美国一流理工院校基础学科本科课程体系的特点和启示——以物理学科为例

CHARACTERISTICS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM SYSTEM OF FUNDAMENTAL SUBJECTS IN TOP-RANKING UNIVERSITIES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES: THE CASE OF PHYSICS

基础学科人才培养在国家创新人才培养体系中占有十分重要的位置,本科课程体系是高等院校培养人才的核心要素。本文通过对加州理工学院、麻省理工学院和普林斯顿大学的物理学专业本科课程体系的调研,根据这三所高校对获得物理专业本科学位的要求对其本科课程体系的主要特点进行分析,总结出通识教育和研究型倾向两个主要特征。国内高校需要从课程体系设计和内容建设入手,精心设计能够提供广阔视野的通识课程和能够促进本科生创新能力培养的专业课程,构建有利于基础学科创新性人才成长的本科课程体系。

The cultivation of talents in fundamental subjects plays a very important role in the national innovative talents training system.The undergraduate curriculum system is a core element of talent cultivation in colleges and universities.In this paper,the undergraduate curriculum systems of physics major in California Institute of technology,Massachusetts Institute of technology and Princeton University are investigated.According to the general requirements of these three universities for obtaining bachelor degree of physics major,the main characteristics of their undergraduate course systems are analyzed,and two main characteristics of general education and research-oriented tendency are summarized.Domestic universities need to start with curriculum system design and content construction,elaborately design general courses that can provide a broad vision and professional courses that can promote the cultivation of innovative ability,and build an undergraduate curriculum system that is conducive to the growth of innovative talents in fundamental subjects.