自由落体法测量重力加速度的一种改进方案

AN IMPROVED MEASUREMENT OF g BASED ON FREE-FALL

重力加速度的测量是大学物理实验的常见项目之一。该实验项目教学中最常用的方法之一是自由落体法。但是由于实验条件的限制,实验一般都是在空气中进行,空气阻力将会使测量结果明显偏小。针对这一问题,本团队从两方面入手。从原理上考虑阻力的影响,得到较简单的理论公式。从数据处理上采用非线性拟合,解决结果对模型参数的依赖。改进后的方案测量结果更接近真值,而且可零成本推广到绝大多数已有的重力加速度测量教学仪器上使用,对本科生物理实验教学有较大意义。

The measurement of g is one of the physics experiments for undergraduates in many universities.Most of these experiments are based on free-fall.However,these measurements are usually not conducted in vacuum,which may make the results significantly smaller than the expected value.We theoretically consider the resistance of the air and use a nonlinear equation to fit the data to get the value of g.The experimental result is more close to the expected value than the result from the traditional method.In general this method can be applied to most the existing equipments for g measurements that are based on free-fall,which would be of great significance to the teaching and learning in physics experiments for undergraduates.