大湄公河次区域合作与东亚发展区域主义

Greater Mekong Subregional Cooperation and Developmental Regionalism in East Asia

发展与区域主义是紧密相关的两个概念,发展区域主义作为两者的联结是理解区域主义实践与演进重要的理论视角。在东亚区域主义不断推进的历史进程中,其发展导向特质不断加强,逐渐形成以坚持国际机构与国家政府作用、兼容"整体"理念与"渐进"方法,追求灵活务实原则为特征的实践路径。湄公河流域的合作是东亚发展区域主义的典型案例,围绕流域的治理与开发,从亚远经委会与科伦坡计划到亚开行、再到大湄公河次区域合作,湄公河流域的发展合作不断朝着制度化、多元化与本土化的方向演进。大湄公河次区域合作是这种区域主义最具体和主要的成果,其坚持发展导向、重视国际机构作用、尊重"包容并蓄"与"循序渐进"、协调社会与环境发展以及追求可持续安全的特征是东亚发展区域主义的重要内核。

The concepts of development and regionalism are closely related.The development of regionalism as a combination of them is a critical theoretical perspective to understand the practice and evolution of regionalism.In the historical development of East Asian regionalism,its guiding characteristics have been strengthened continuously,and it has gradually formed a practical path characterized by adhering to the role of international institutions and national governments,compatible with the concept of"entirety"and the method of"gradualism,"and pursuing the principle of flexibility and pragmatism.This article suggests that cooperation in the Mekong River basin is a typical case of developmental regionalism in East Asia.From the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East and the Colombo Plan to the Asian Development Bank,and then to the Greater Mekong Subregional Cooperation(GMS),it can be seen that development cooperation previously based on the exploitation and governance of the Mekong River basin has been evolving toward the direction of institutionalization,diversification,and localization in practice.The GMS is the most specific and primary achievement of this sort of regionalism.This article reveals five important features of developmental regionalism in East Asia:(1)adhering to development-oriented policies and practices,(2)attaching importance to international institutions,(3)respecting openness and gradualism,(4)balancing the development of society and environment,and(5)pursuing sustainable security.