国际粮食安全态势与中国应对

The State of Global Food Security and China’s Response

粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础。作为世界最大的粮食进口国,中国的粮食安全状况受到国际粮食安全的深刻影响。2020年以来,在新冠疫情全球大流行、乌克兰危机、极端天气等重大风险因素冲击下,全球正陷入新一轮粮食危机,围绕粮食安全的国际博弈日趋激烈,全球粮食安全治理面临严峻挑战。与此同时,中国对海外粮食的需求仍保持快速增长之势,对外倚重趋于上升。这种“同频共振”使中国粮食安全面临的外部风险显著上升,不得不应对粮食贸易条件恶化、保护主义和民粹主义蔓延、地缘政治博弈推升进口来源集中隐忧,以及国际治理参与被污名化和极端气候冲击等挑战。未来,中国应以总体国家安全观为指导,坚持践行新粮食安全观,全面夯实粮食安全根基,推动新发展格局在粮食安全领域的构建;同时积极转变对外布局,以“一带一路”为抓手,加强全球治理引导,积极落实中国方案,推动构建全球粮食安全命运共同体。

Food security is an important foundation stone for national security.As the world's top food-importing country,China is profoundly affected by the state of global food security.Due to the combined effect of the COVID-19 pandemic,the Ukraine crisis,and extreme weather conditions,the world has been experiencing a fresh round of food crisis since 2020.International rivalries over food security are intensifying,and global food security governance faces severe challenges.Under such circumstances,China's food imports have remained robust,and its external dependence has increased.As a result,the external risks confronting China's food security have multiplied significantly,forcing the country to address challenges such as the deteriorating terms of trade for food,the spread of protectionism and populism,the escalation of geopolitical tensions,the potential risks associated with the concentration of import sources,the stigmatization it faces when participating in global governance,and extreme climate shocks.Looking ahead,China must uphold a holistic approach to national security,advocating a new concept and strengthening the bases of food security to establish a new pattern of development in this field.Meanwhile,through the Belt and Road Initiative,China should improve its diplomatic agenda by increasing its support for global governance,actively implementing“Chinese proposals,”and fostering a community of shared food security for humanity.