欧盟安全战略:缘起、演变及政策走向

EU Security Strategy:Origins,Evolution,and Policy Direction

随着欧洲一体化的深入发展及国际形势的变化,欧盟成员国逐渐加强安全领域的磋商和协调,并建立了相应机制。欧盟在这一过程中也形成并发展了自己的“国家安全战略”,并于2003、2008、2016、2022年先后发布了四个版本的安全战略报告。最新的2022版欧盟安全战略(简称“新安全战略”),首次将俄罗斯定位为长期、直接威胁,且更注重传统安全特别是提升军事能力,对美国和北约倚重加大。未来欧盟将加快军事化进程,全力遏制俄罗斯,更加关注周边安全,对华政策摇摆性也将有所增大。

With the deepening of European integration and the changes in the international situation,European Union(EU)member states have gradually strengthened consultation and coordination in the field of security and,by extension,established relevant mechanisms.During this process,the EU has developed its“national security strategy,”as evidenced by the four versions of security strategy reports released in 2003,2008,2016,and 2022,respectively.Recently,the EU unveiled its latest Security Strategy(hereafter termed the New Security Strategy),which identifies,for the first time ever,Russia as a long-term,direct threat.Moreover,the New Security Strategy attaches greater importance to traditional security issues,especially the elevation of European military capabilities,and increases relianceon the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Over the foreseeable future,the EU will likely accelerate the pace of its militarization efforts,go all out to counter Russia,and pay closer attention to security challenges in its periphery.Finally,more vacillation is expected in EU’s policy toward China.